自考“英语(二)”词形变化答题技巧
1.熟练掌握动词词形变化规律。注意:动词形式既包括谓语动词的…
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1.熟练掌握动词词形变化规律。注意:动词形式既包括谓语动词的各种形式,如时态、语态及语气(直陈、虚拟)等,虚拟语气为重点,几年来的考题中都有这方面内容;
也包括非谓语动词的各种形式。所以做动词的词形变化时,首先要搞清楚它在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,然后再作相应的变化。
2.认真学好并熟悉课文。本题所选用的句子是根据教材中出现的句子编写的,其中多数来自课文,所以熟悉教材十分重要。
3.认真钻研相关的语法讲解。主要指谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词比较等级、情态动词、虚拟语气\形容词比较级、最高级,等部分。
动词:动词是考试的重点。主要包括:动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词。
1)动词的时态:重点是动词的过去时、完成时。
Sofar,Irving______(live)inNewYorkCityfortenyears.haslived
Manyawriterofnewspaperarticles_______(trun)towritingnovelsduringthepastdecade.hasturned
Somepeoplethinkrelationsbetweenpeople_______(deteriorate)somuchthatunderstandingandfriendshiparealmostimpossible.havedeteriorated
Nearlyaweekpassedbeforethegirlwasabletoexplainwhat_______(happen)toher.
hadhappened
Inthepasttwodecades,research_____(expand)ourknowledgeaboutsleepanddreams.hasexpanded
2)动词的语态:主要掌握各个时态的被动式。
Thenationsthat_______actively________(involve)inearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapan,Russia,andtheUnitedStates.areinvolved
There__________(estimate)tobemorethan20,000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBrtainin1995.wereestimated
3)动词的语气:
A.掌握非真实条件句中,谓语动词在主句和条件句中的虚拟语气形式。
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,you______(notmiss)thefirstactoftheplay.
wouldnothavemissed
Ifithadn‘tbeenforyourhelp,we_____(be)inrealtrouble.
wouldhavebeen
B.在表示建议、命令、要求以及表示重要性和紧迫性等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,由动词原形或should+动词原形构成。should常常省略
Iwouldrecommendthatyou_______(think)aboutdoingsomethingsimilarforyourself.(should)think
Itwasimperativethatstudents______(finish)theirpapersbeforeJuly1st.
(should)finish
C.动词wish、wouldrather(sooner)、ifonly、asif后的虚拟语气。
Iwouldratherhe_____(buy)thehousenextyear.
bought(表示从句中动作尚未发生)
ShetreatsmeasifI______(be)astranger.were
Themanagertoldustobefriendlytothevisitorsasifwe_____(meet)thembefore.
hadmet
Ifonlywe______(have)aphone!I‘mtiredofwaitingoutsidethepublicphonebox.
case,forfearthat,lest等词后从句的谓语动词为(should)+原形。
Hetookhisumbrellawithhimlestit_______(rain.)
(should)rain
E.在Itis(high)timethat从句中谓语动词一般用过去时动词。
It‘shightimethatwe_______(take)firmmeasurestoprotectourenvironment.took
F.时间错综条件句,动词的形式要根据表示的时间调整。
如果我们早动身,现在就不会在雨中走了。
Ifwehadsetoutearlier,wewouldn‘tbewalkingintherain.
(从句中动作发生在过去,主句中动作发生在现在。)
4)动词的非谓语动词形式:
A.动词不定式:主要考查动词不定式作定语、宾语、宾语或主语补足语等的用法。还要注意动词不定式的被动式与完成式。
不定式作定语:Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecision______(make)tobemade
不定式作宾语:Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield,arebeginning________(see).tobeseen
不定式作宾补Inoticehim_______(leave)theclassroom.leave(可省略to)
不定式作主补:Theywereoftencompelled______(work)twelveorfourteenhoursaday.
towork(不可省略to)
Wemakethem(to)workdayandnight.不定式作宾语补语,在有些动词后可以省略TO
Theyaremadetoworkdayandnight.不定式作主语补语时,不可省略TO
B.分词:主要考查分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法。注意现在分词与过去分词的区别。另外,还有现在分词的被动式与完成式的形式。
分词作定语:Anyone______(want)tounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.wanting
Asresearchtechniquesbecomemoreadvanced,thenumberofanimals_____(use)inexperimentsmaydecrease.used
分词作状语:When______(present)withacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblemsandproductionmanagersseeproductionproblems.presented
________(tell)thatsomeguestswerecoming,sheshoppedallmorninginthesupermarket.Havingbeentold
Herbody,withhandsandfeet_______(bind),wasdiscoveredbyatravelerearlyinthemorning.bound
分词做宾补:Theymayhavetheirpassports______(remove),makingleavingorescapingactuallyimpossible.removed
动名词作宾语:Ifyoucannotunderstand,ask:Wouldyoumind______(rephrase)thequestion,please?rephrasing
Ifwedon‘tstartoutnow,wemustrisk______(miss)thetrain.
missing
形容词副词:
Themoretimeyouwaste,the_____(easy)itistocontinuewastingtime.easier
AsJanewasthe_____(old),shelookedaftertheotherchildreninthefamily.eldest
词性转换:
Theexplorerswerepuzzledoverwhattodonextbecausetheywereina_____(trick)situation.
trick是名词或动词,应把它变为形容词tricky
Theseelectricappliancesareallsimilarinconstructionbuteachoneis_____(specialize)initsfunction.
specialize是动词,应把它变为形容词specific或special
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